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UK is becoming 'a more peaceful nation': Peace Index report

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Rates of murder and violent crime have fallen more rapidly in the UK in the past decade than anywhere else in Western Europe, researchers say. The UK Peace Index, from the Institute for Economics and Peace, found UK homicides per 100,000 people had fallen from 1.99 in 2003, to one in 2012.

The UK was more peaceful overall, it said, with the reasons for it varied.

The index found Broadland, Norfolk, to be the most peaceful local council area but Lewisham, London, to be the least.

The research by the international non-profit research organisation comes as a separate study by Cardiff University suggests the number of people treated in hospital in England and Wales after violent incidents fell by 14% in 2012.

Some 267,291 people required care - 40,706 fewer than in 2011 - according to a sample of 54 hospital units, its report said.

For its inaugural index, the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), which defined peace as "the absence of violence or fear of violence", used Home Office data on crime, such as public disorder offences and weapons crime, and police officer numbers.

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Most peaceful local authorities

1. Broadland, Norfolk

2. Three Rivers, Hertfordshire

3. South Cambridgeshire

4. East Dorset

5. Maldon, Essex

Source: IEP

It found the violent crime rate in the UK was down by about one quarter - from 1,255 per 100,000 people in 2003, to 933 in 2012.

Gang violence

These reductions came despite a 6% drop in the number of police officers per 100,000 people, it said.

In Broadland - an area which includes three market towns, Acle, Aylsham and Reepham as well as part of the Norfolk Broads, and which has a population of about 125,000 people - eight violent crimes were recorded for 2012.

Its average overall crime rate for the decade was 323 per 100,000 people - about a third of the national average.

The five most peaceful local authority areas, which also included Three Rivers, in Hertfordshire, South Cambridgeshire, East Dorset and Maldon, in Essex, recorded a combined total of 24 homicides over the decade.

The UKPI shows that this dramatic fall is not a blip in police reporting - the UK really is becoming more peaceful”

Institute for Economics and Peace Lewisham, meanwhile, had a homicide rate of 2.5 in 2012 - two-and-a-half times the national average.

The year 2011 was the borough's worst in the decade for the actual number of homicides - defined by researchers as murder, manslaughter and infanticide - with 11.

All five of the least peaceful local authority areas were London boroughs - the others being Lambeth, Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets.

BBC home editor Mark Easton said that while Lewisham, an area scarred by gang violence, was found to be the least peaceful area, overall the capital was markedly more peaceful than it was 10 years ago, with some of the biggest drops in some types of violent crime.

The capital's rate of homicides was far lower than in New York, Amsterdam, Brussels and Prague, he added.

Of the UK's "urban areas", the index found Glasgow, with a murder rate of double the national average, to be the least peaceful and Cardiff, with 60% less violent crime than Glasgow, the most peaceful.

Sheffield, Nottingham and Leeds came 2nd, 3rd and 4th respectively behind Cardiff in the urban areas peacefulness ranking.

Minimum wage

The IEP's report said that 80% of the 343 local authority areas it had evaluated had seen at least a 10% improvement in their peace over the past decade.

Least peaceful local authorities

1. Lewisham, London

2. Lambeth, London

3. Hackney, London

4. Newham, London

5. Tower Hamlets, London

Source: IEP

"This is the fastest decline in violence of any country in Europe," it said.

"Cross-checking Home Office and Eurostat data against a number of metrics, such as hospital admissions, the UKPI shows that this dramatic fall is not a blip in police reporting - the UK really is becoming more peaceful.

"Reasons for this fall in violence are varied, however one of the more likely reasons, often overlooked, is the substantial improvement in police practices particularly related to the adoption of advanced technologies.

"Other factors which have had an impact in reducing violence include an aging population, decreasing alcohol consumption and, finally, rising real wages, supported by the introduction of the minimum wage."

Other findings include

Extreme poverty is the factor most closely associated with violence

The number of police officers had no correlation to levels of peace

Fear of crime is greater than the reality: 25% of Britons think they will be a victim of crime, but only 4% will experience crime

The UK homicide rate is now roughly equivalent to the Western European average and at its lowest level since 1978

But UK violent crime rate is significantly higher than the European average

The research follows the IEP's US Peace Index published last year.

IEP chairman Steve Killelea said the increased level of peace in the UK "cannot be narrowed down to any single factor".

But he added: "The findings of the UK Peace Index show that poverty and economic opportunity are significantly associated with peace, as supported by other international studies, including the US Peace Index.

"This suggests greater emphasis needs to be placed on programmes that tackle poverty and related issues, such as access to education and economic opportunity."#

Sir Ian Blair, former commissioner of the Met Police, said that, given the downward trend was across the developing world, he believed the fall was due to the "change in the way society views and abhors violence".

"We are a more violence-adverse society," he said.

Reported by the BBC

New succession law to allow WillKat's 'daughter' to be queen

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Queen Elizabeth II is set to approve a new succession law that will end the age-old precedence enjoyed by male heirs in line to Britain's throne, ending centuries of religious and gender discrimination.

'The Succession to the Crown Bill', which is set to become law in coming days, means that if Prince William and Kate Middleton were to have a daughter in July, she would be crowned Queen.

The Royal couple's first child will be third in line to the throne after William and his father Prince Charles.

The bill, which cleared its final readings at the House of Lords this week, will install 'absolute primogeniture' in succession to the British throne, meaning the eldest child, regardless of gender, will succeed to the crown and a daughter cannot be overtaken in the line of succession by a younger brother.

Deputy PM Nick Clegg, who introduced the Bill in the Commons, said, "This is a truly historic moment. I am proud the British Parliament has taken this step to end centuries of religious and gender discrimination."

The government agreed with the 15 other countries, where the Queen is head of state that ancient rules giving supremacy to male heirs must be changed to allow the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's first child to reign, whatever its gender.

The cabinet office has struck an agreement that the change to succession law will apply from October 28, 2011, the date of a summit in Australia where countries first agreed to go ahead.

Buckingham Palace agreed that the time for change had come.

Reported by the Times of India

Dalai Lama condemns violence against Muslims

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Amid a damning reports showing official Myanmar complicity in ethnically cleansing entire Muslim towns and villages, the world's foremost Buddhist leader Dalai Lama condemned the violence, which has left hundreds dead and an estimated hundreds of thousands homeless.

In an interview with Channel 4 News, he told Cathy Newman that violence “is wrong”. When he was asked whether he could do something about the attacks in Burma and Sri Lanka, he said:"In a student-teacher relationship, whether it is supreme teachers like Jesus or Buddha, no one can control the thoughts of all humans."

Seeking to explain his point, he added."My friend a scientist in Argentina had said to a physicist at a meeting many years ago that she should not develop an attachment to her scientist field. That means I am Buddhist but I should not develop an attachment to my faith because then my attitude will become biased. And you cannot see the truth with a biased mind."

He also added that sometimes many conflicts are fought in the name of religion but in reality they may actually be due to political or economical differences. "Fundamentalists always think of themselves and not the values of others, which is wrong," he said.

Commenting on Wirathu, dubbed as “Buddhist Bin Laden” and accused of is flaming social tensions between Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, he said he had not studied his case in detail or isolation but that he condemned his actions. "What he is doing is wrong," he said.

Previously, during an exclusive interview with ABC News from his home-in-exile in Dharamsala in India he had represented his most public condemnation of the Buddhist-led violence.

"It's very sad," the Dalai Lama said.

"All the major religions teach us the practice of love, compassion and forgiveness. So a genuinepractitioner among these different religious traditions would not indulge in such violence and bullying of other people."

In the vein of speaking about violence, when he was asked for his opinion on US senators voting against gun control as a part of an individual's freedom, the Dalai Lama said he understood individual freedom, "But that does not mean you carry out an act out of destructive emotion. The control must come from the individuals," he said.

He also discussed his hopes for progress with China and whether a woman could be the Tibetan people’s next spiritual leader. He said he is optimistic about progress with China and hopes that in a few years they can share a harmonious relationship based on "friendship and trust." Ending the interview, he said he would be happy to have a woman Dalai Lama to succeed him. "Women are naturally more sympathetic and compassionate people. So yes, I would definitely welcome it," he concluded.

It's unclear how much weight the Dalai Lama's words will carry in violence-stricken areas of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), where a new report accuses Buddhist monks, political party operatives, and ordinary Myanmar residents of committing brutal acts of violence against the country's tiny Rohingya minority.

The report, issued by Human Rights Watch, shows a pre-planned pattern of violence in the Southeast Asian country, including entire villages razed to the ground and the bodies of men, women and children buried in mass graves, some with their hands bound behind their backs. In another village, 70 people, including 28 children, were allegedly hacked to death. 

It's unclear whether Myanmar has responded to the report.

The violence began last year with a number of small skirmishes between Buddhists and Muslims in central Myanmar. It has since then spread and nearly all the violence has been directed toward Myanmar's minority Rohingya Muslims. They are a small ethnic group of 3 to 5 percent of Myanmar's total population.

The Myanmar government classifies the Rohingyas as Bangladeshi immigrants, denying them official citizenship. Burmese laws prevent them from travelling without permission and owning land. 

Human Rights Watch accuses Burmese authorities of turning a blind eye, and in some cases participating in the violence. It accuses the government of systematically restricting humanitarian aid" and "imposing discriminatory policies" on its Muslim minority, warning of a humanitarian crisis if the violence isn't brought to an end.

Ladakh incursion: India, China military hold meet

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Local military commanders of India and China are holding a flag meeting on Tuesday in a bid to resolve the situation arising out of the incursion by Chinese troops in Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) sector in Ladakh. The meeting scheduled at 10:30am is being held in Daulat Beg Oldi sector, sources said.

Indian Lok Sabha adjourned for day over 'quit PM' demands

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The Lok Sabha was Tuesday adjourned for the day amid noisy demands by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's resignation. The house will now meet Thursday as Wednesday is a holiday for Mahavir Jayanti. 

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